Pocket Guide to Perioperative and Critical Care Echocardiography
Table of Contents
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Chapter 1: Ultrasound in perioperative and critical care clinical practice
Development of medical ultrasound imaging
Uses of perioperative and critical care echocardiography
Transoesophageal versus transthoracic echocardiography
Uses of point of care ultrasound
Future developments
Chapter 2: Understanding the echocardiography machine
Basic ultrasound physics
Echocardiography equipment
Imaging modes
Doppler effect and Doppler imaging modes
Limitations in echocardiography
Chapter 3: Obtaining the best ultrasound image
Factors affecting the ultrasound image
Instrument layout and settings
Room configurations
Artefacts and pitfalls
Chapter 4: Core anatomy for echocardiography
Overview of thoracic anatomy
Overview of cardiac anatomy
Variations in individual anatomy and implications for echocardiography
Echocardiography blind spots
Chapter 5: Standard transoesophageal echocardiography examination
Care of the probe
The standard examination
Chapter 6: Standard transthoracic echocardiography examination
Positioning the patient
The basic windows
The standard examination
Chapter 7: Introduction to Doppler imaging and equations
Understanding Doppler imaging
The standard Doppler examination
Estimating right atrial pressure
Calculating cardiac output and area of valves
Summary of the equations
Chapter 8: Assessing the basic haemodynamic state
The basic haemodynamic states
The basic haemodynamic assessment
Value of haemodynamic diagnosis inpatient management
Chapter 9: Problems with ventricles
Global ventricular function
Ischaemic heart disease
Cardiomyopathies
Region all wall motion abnormalities
Assessing diastolic function
Cardiac masses and locating a potential cardiac source of embolus
Chapter 10: Problems with valves
Aortic valve
Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary valve
Evaluation of valvular stenosis
Evaluation of valvular regurgitation
Evaluation of prosthetic valves
Endocarditis
Chapter 11: Problems with great vessels
Evaluation of great vessels
Aortic dissection in the emergency department
Repair of aortic dissection or aneurysm
The aortic pathology
Assessment of atheroma with epiaortic ultrasound
Assessment of pulmonary embolism
Chapter 12: Problems with pericardium and pleura
Assessment of pericardial and pleura disease
Pericardial effusion
Pericardial tamponade
Limitations in diagnosing pericardial pathology
Chapter 13: Ultrasound guided regional anaesthesia
Development of ultrasound guided regional anaesthesia
Ultrasonography of nerves
The brachial plexus
The lumbosacral plexus
Peripheral nerves
Chapter 14: Ultrasound guided vascular access
Development of ultrasound guided vascular access
Equipment requirements
Cannulation techniques
Cannulation of specific vessels
How to differentiate arteries from veins
Chapter 15: Education and training
Getting started in Ultrasound
Standards
Further educational opportunities
References on further reading
Glossary
Index
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